Castello di Monte San Giovanni Campano

The Castle of Monte San Giovanni is a medieval fortress built in the 11th century. The castle is best known as the place where Thomas Aquinas was imprisoned by his family ca. 1240 to 1242 in an attempt to dissuade him from joining the Dominican Order. It is also the first fortification ever to be breached because of shelling from portable artillery, in 1494.
The present structure are remnants of a larger defensive structure that once included five towers and walls that entirely enclosed a ducal palace and supporting town. The castle town could hold more than a thousand defenders and had been for centuries one of the most efficient and impregnable fortresses of central Italy, famous for reputedly withstanding a siege of seven years.
It could not, however, resist the gunpowder artillery that Charles VIII of France used during his conquest of Naples in 1494. Monte San Giovanni, then a border fort of Naples, fell after eight hours of bombardment. The rest of Naples put up little resistance after seeing the result at Monte San Giovanni. Much of Monte San Giovanni was destroyed in the attack of 1494. Only two of five main towers and two of the five palace buildings remain, along with three of the town gates.