The medieval Citadel of Carcassonne is located on a hill on the right bank of the River Aude, in the south-east part of the city proper. Founded during the Gallo-Roman period, the citadel derives its reputation from its 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long double surrounding walls interspersed by 52 towers.
South France 2016 Summer 0393
South France 2016 Summer 0401
The "restorated" Cité, Carcassonne, France The Cité de Carcassonne is a medieval fortified architectural group located in the French city of Carcassonne, in the department of Aude, in the region of Languedoc-Roussillon. It is located on the right bank of the Aude, on the hill, in the south-east part of the actual city. It was the historic city of Carcassonne. The Cité de Carcassonne was founded in the Gallo-Roman period. It derives its reputation from double surrounding walls (3 km in length) with 52 towers. The town has about 2,500 years of history: it has seen the Romans, Visigoths, Saracens and Crusaders. In the beginning of its history it was a Gaulish settlement. In the 3rd century A.D., the Romans decided to transform it into a fortified town. The town was finally annexed to the kingdom of France in 1247 A.D. It was a strong French frontier between France and the Kingdom of Aragon. In 1659, after the Treaty of the Pyrenees, the province of Roussillon became a part of France, and the town lost its military significance. Fortifications were abandoned and the town became one of the economic centres of France, concentrating on the woollen textile industry. In 1849 the French government decided that the city fortifications should be demolished. This decision was strongly protested by the masses. Jean-Pierre Cros-Mayrevieille and Prosper Mérimée, an eminent archaeologist and historian, led a campaign to preserve the fortress as a historical monument. The government reversed its decision and in 1853 restoration work was started. Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, the architect, was charged with renovating the fortress. Viollet-le-Duc's work was criticised during his lifetime as inappropriate to the climate and traditions of the region. After his death in 1879, the restoration work was continued by his pupil, Paul Boeswillwald, and later by the architect Nodet. The town was restored at the end of the 19th century. In 1997 it was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_de_Carcassonne Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (1814–1879) was a French architect and theorist, famous for his interpretive "restorations" of medieval buildings. Viollet-le-Duc's "restorations" frequently combined historical fact with creative modification. (...) (One) of his most famous restorations, the medieval fortified town of Carcassonne, was similarly enhanced, gaining atop each of its many wall towers, a set of pointed roofs that are actually more typical of northern France. Basic intervention theories of historic preservation are framed in the dualism of the retention of the status quo versus a "restoration" that creates something that never actually existed in the past. John Ruskin was a strong proponent of the former sense, while his contemporary, Viollet-le-Duc, advocated for the latter instance. Viollet-le-Duc wrote that restoration is a "means to reestablish [a building] to a finished state, which may in fact never have actually existed at any given time." The type of restoration employed by Viollet-le-Duc was decried by John Ruskin as "a destruction out of which no remnants can be gathered: a destruction accompanied with false description of the thing destroyed." This argument is still a current one when restoration is being considered for a building or landscape. In removing layers of history from a building, information and age value are also removed which can never be recreated. However, adding features to a building, as Viollet-le-Duc also did, can be more appealing to modern viewers. Viollet-le-Duc intended to create a "perfect building" of medieval style: "to restore an edifice", he observed in the Dictionnaire raisonné, "is not to maintain it, repair or rebuild it, but to re-establish it in a complete state that may never have existed at a particular moment". The idea and the very word restoration applied to architecture Viollet-le-Duc considered part of a modern innovation. Modern conservation practice considers Viollet-le-Duc's restorations too free, too personal, too interpretive, but some of the monuments he restored might have been lost otherwise. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viollet-le-Duc
Cold Day in Carcassonne Cité de Carcassonne France 1986 Scanned from slide film
Cite de Carcassonne, France
Cité de Carcassonne, Aude, Occitanie, France
Cité de Carcassonne - Occitanie (France) - 2017 www.fabricepierre-photographe.com www.instagram.com/fabrice_pierre_photographe
Carcassonne Cité de Carcassonne, le 14 juillet, 2008.
Cité de Carcassonne A medieval citadel located in the French city of Carcassonne, in the Aude department, Occitanie region. It is situated on a hill on the right bank of the River Aude, in the southeast part of the city proper. The citadel was restored at the end of the 19th century and in 1997 it was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites
Carcassonne Vue éloignée de la cité fortifiée.
Cité de Carcassonne-Panorama Assemblage de 17 photos réalisées au 500mm de chez SIGMA
Carcassonne - La Cité
Carcassonne - La Cité - Grand Puits de la Cité Eléments protégés : Grand Puits de la Cité, sur la place dite du Grand Puits, à l'extrémité de la rue Viollet-le-Duc : inscription par arrêté du 26 mars 1926 Historique : La margelle date du 14e siècle. Elle supportait trois piles monolithes qui étaient reliées à leur sommet par trois poutres. Deux de ces piles existent encore. A chacune de ces trois poutres était suspendue une poulie, permettant à trois personnes de puiser de l'eau en même temps. Le diamètre du puits, à la margelle, est de 2m60. La profondeur constatée lors du curetage de 1808 était de 39m45 contre 30m20 trouvés par Viollet-le-Duc cinquante ans plus tard. Au-dessous de la margelle se trouve une bâtisse en moellon de 12m50. Au-dessous de cette bâtisse, il y a un roc qui fut sailli irrégulièrement et sans aplomb. Plus tard, des poulies en bronze ont été scellées à même le bahut. Périodes de construction : 14e siècle
Carcassonne - La Cité Carcassonne représente l’archétype de la cité médiévale telle qu’on l’imagine à travers le monde. Inscrite au Patrimoine mondial par l’UNESCO en 1997. Grands sites Occitanie Monument historique Eléments protégés : Les fortifications : classement par liste de 1862 - Les deux parcelles de terrain, lieux-dits Talus de la Barbacane et Porte d'Aude (cad. E 99, 1868) : classement par arrêté du 22 décembre 1926 - Les parcelles dénommées Champ Rigal Cadène et Grand Champ Sabatier Jalabert, à l'exclusion d'une zone délimitée sur le plan annexé à l'arrêté (cad. 1633, 1129 P) : classement par arrêté du 15 janvier 1942 - Le terrain compris entre la Cité et le grand séminaire (cad. E5 1755) : classement par arrêté du 28 mai 1942 - Le terrain dit Champ du Tournoi, situé en bordure du chemin de la Cité de Carcassonne à Sainte-Croix (cad. E 109 à 112, 138) : classement par arrêté du 11 juillet 1942 Historique : Cité médiévale fortifiée dotée d'un système défensif important, très restaurée au 19e siècle par Viollet-le-Duc. Une portion des murailles remonte au 5e siècle, sans doute suite au passage des Wisigoths. Le château date des 11e et 12e siècles. La porte Narbonnaise et toute la partie méridionale de l'enceinte intérieure, ainsi que le couronnement des tours, ont été construits au 13e siècle, après que le dernier vicomte de Carcassonne eut abandonné en 1247 ses droits seigneuriaux à Saint-Louis. L'enceinte extérieure paraît être peu postérieure à ces dernières constructions. Périodes de construction : 5e siècle, 11e siècle, 12e siècle Architecte ou maître d'oeuvre : Viollet-le-Duc Eugène (architecte)
Carcassonne - La Cité - Dame Carcas Dame Carcas est un personnage légendaire de la ville de Carcassonne. Elle est selon la légende la femme de Ballak, prince musulman de Carcassonne, qui est tué au combat contre Charlemagne. À la suite du décès de son mari elle aurait pris en main la défense de la ville face à l'armée franque et l'aurait repoussée.
Carcassonne - La Cité - Porte Narbonnaise
Carcassonne - La Cité Monument historique Eléments protégés : Les fortifications : classement par liste de 1862 - Les deux parcelles de terrain, lieux-dits Talus de la Barbacane et Porte d'Aude (cad. E 99, 1868) : classement par arrêté du 22 décembre 1926 - Les parcelles dénommées Champ Rigal Cadène et Grand Champ Sabatier Jalabert, à l'exclusion d'une zone délimitée sur le plan annexé à l'arrêté (cad. 1633, 1129 P) : classement par arrêté du 15 janvier 1942 - Le terrain compris entre la Cité et le grand séminaire (cad. E5 1755) : classement par arrêté du 28 mai 1942 - Le terrain dit Champ du Tournoi, situé en bordure du chemin de la Cité de Carcassonne à Sainte-Croix (cad. E 109 à 112, 138) : classement par arrêté du 11 juillet 1942 Historique : Cité médiévale fortifiée dotée d'un système défensif important, très restaurée au 19e siècle par Viollet-le-Duc. Une portion des murailles remonte au 5e siècle, sans doute suite au passage des Wisigoths. Le château date des 11e et 12e siècles. La porte Narbonnaise et toute la partie méridionale de l'enceinte intérieure, ainsi que le couronnement des tours, ont été construits au 13e siècle, après que le dernier vicomte de Carcassonne eut abandonné en 1247 ses droits seigneuriaux à Saint-Louis. L'enceinte extérieure paraît être peu postérieure à ces dernières constructions. Périodes de construction : 5e siècle, 11e siècle, 12e siècle
Cité de Carcassonne Carcassonne
![The Cité de Carcassonne is a medieval fortified architectural group located in the French city of Carcassonne, in the department of Aude, in the region of Languedoc-Roussillon. It is located on the right bank of the Aude, on the hill, in the south-east part of the actual city. It was the historic city of Carcassonne.
The Cité de Carcassonne was founded in the Gallo-Roman period. It derives its reputation from double surrounding walls (3 km in length) with 52 towers. The town has about 2,500 years of history: it has seen the Romans, Visigoths, Saracens and Crusaders. In the beginning of its history it was a Gaulish settlement. In the 3rd century A.D., the Romans decided to transform it into a fortified town. The town was finally annexed to the kingdom of France in 1247 A.D. It was a strong French frontier between France and the Kingdom of Aragon. In 1659, after the Treaty of the Pyrenees, the province of Roussillon became a part of France, and the town lost its military significance. Fortifications were abandoned and the town became one of the economic centres of France, concentrating on the woollen textile industry.
In 1849 the French government decided that the city fortifications should be demolished. This decision was strongly protested by the masses. Jean-Pierre Cros-Mayrevieille and Prosper Mérimée, an eminent archaeologist and historian, led a campaign to preserve the fortress as a historical monument. The government reversed its decision and in 1853 restoration work was started. Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, the architect, was charged with renovating the fortress. Viollet-le-Duc's work was criticised during his lifetime as inappropriate to the climate and traditions of the region. After his death in 1879, the restoration work was continued by his pupil, Paul Boeswillwald, and later by the architect Nodet. The town was restored at the end of the 19th century. In 1997 it was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_de_Carcassonne
Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (1814–1879) was a French architect and theorist, famous for his interpretive "restorations" of medieval buildings. Viollet-le-Duc's "restorations" frequently combined historical fact with creative modification. (...) (One) of his most famous restorations, the medieval fortified town of Carcassonne, was similarly enhanced, gaining atop each of its many wall towers, a set of pointed roofs that are actually more typical of northern France.
Basic intervention theories of historic preservation are framed in the dualism of the retention of the status quo versus a "restoration" that creates something that never actually existed in the past. John Ruskin was a strong proponent of the former sense, while his contemporary, Viollet-le-Duc, advocated for the latter instance. Viollet-le-Duc wrote that restoration is a "means to reestablish [a building] to a finished state, which may in fact never have actually existed at any given time." The type of restoration employed by Viollet-le-Duc was decried by John Ruskin as "a destruction out of which no remnants can be gathered: a destruction accompanied with false description of the thing destroyed." This argument is still a current one when restoration is being considered for a building or landscape. In removing layers of history from a building, information and age value are also removed which can never be recreated. However, adding features to a building, as Viollet-le-Duc also did, can be more appealing to modern viewers.
Viollet-le-Duc intended to create a "perfect building" of medieval style: "to restore an edifice", he observed in the Dictionnaire raisonné, "is not to maintain it, repair or rebuild it, but to re-establish it in a complete state that may never have existed at a particular moment". The idea and the very word restoration applied to architecture Viollet-le-Duc considered part of a modern innovation. Modern conservation practice considers Viollet-le-Duc's restorations too free, too personal, too interpretive, but some of the monuments he restored might have been lost otherwise.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viollet-le-Duc](https://live.staticflickr.com/7175/6755132987_846a0f2afb_b.jpg "The \"restorated\" Cité, Carcassonne, France")
